The water supply system has already firmly penetrated the minds and the plots of the owners of village houses and country cottages. This is an integral attribute of a comfortable life: with running water, showers, washing dishes, cooking become a pleasant experience.
Installing yourself is tricky, but you can do most of the work alone.
We develop a water supply scheme
In fact, there are an abundance of water supply circuits, but there are two different methods for connecting consumers:
- Tee connection.
- Collector or parallel connection.
For residents of small private houses, daisy chain connection will meet their needs, the plan for such a water supply is simpler. From the source itself, water flows in order from one consumer to the next from one pipeline with a tee outlet (1 inlet, 2 outlets) for each consumer.
Such a switching scheme is distinguished by a lack of pressure at the last consumer, during the launch of the previous ones, if several such links are involved in the chain.
The collector connection plan looks fundamentally different.
Firstly, when making such a connection, you will need a collector... A water supply system is laid from it directly to each consumer. Thereby you will be able to create more or less the same pressure at any link in the pipeline chain... Note that a serial connection will cost you more.
Any water supply system consists of a well, a pump, a hydraulic accumulator to protect the pump... And, if desired, a filter or several filters before or after the accumulator.
Plumbing pipes are of several types, the most common materials for them are polypropylene, polyethylene (cross-linked), steel. The most expensive ones are made of copper, since they last the longest.
If you mount them, you will have to call a specialist. The best choice is polypropylene in terms of price-quality ratio... Please note that plastic as a material is absolutely not suitable, since it releases harmful elements into the water.
The diameter of the pipe depends on the length of the pipeline of a private house: from 30 meters, a material with a diameter of 25 mm is enough, if more than 30 meters, then 32 mm is suitable and in the case when the length is less than 10 meters, the diameter varies within 16-20 mm.
Further down the list you will need a submersible pump because it is more durable and more efficient than a pumping station... The height of the pump is measured together with the hose and then they are connected by a threaded connection. The pump can be positioned in any position with stainless steel cables. It is suspended from the top of the well.
Water from the pump enters the filter up to the accumulator, which is the next element of the circuit. It creates a stable pressure and allows you to turn the pump on and off as needed... The volume depends on the amount of water consumed.
The water is filtered again and divided into two streams: one of them goes to the boiler and heats up, and the second will remain cold in the collector.
It is necessary to install shut-off valves up to the collector, as well as install a drain cock.
The pipe going to the water heater is equipped with a fuse, an expansion tank, and a drain valve is installed. Same the tap is mounted at the outlet of the water heater, and after that the pipe is connected to the hot water manifold and then divorced at all points in the house.
Boilers can be different. Water can be heated with gas or electricity.A gas instantaneous water heater differs from an electric one in that the water is constantly heated.
Plumbing deserves special mention... The process of connecting the toilet begins with the installation of a corrugated pipe, which is lubricated with silicone at the junction. Next, the reliability of the connection is checked, holes are drilled into which the dowels are inserted. The toilet is attached to the corrugation and twisted.
Do you know how to choose pipes for plumbing in a private house? Read the advantages and disadvantages of copper pipe fittings for the pipeline here.
Modern PVC pipes and fittings are in no way inferior to other materials, find out more at https://klimatlab.com/vodosnabzhenie/vodoprovod/pvx-truby-i-fitingi.html
Separation according to the principle of water supply
The installation of the DHW and cold water supply system can be carried out in two ways:
- With "deaf" wiring. The water supply pipe to the last water intake point ends with a dead end. Such a scheme is more profitable for saving space and from an economic point of view, but it can create inconvenience when operating a water supply system. Water will flow into the last node with a delay, and only after it reaches the plug will it start flowing into the tap.
- With closed circulation wiring. With this method, water constantly moves in a circle, has the same temperature at every point in the system, and flows to the user immediately after opening the tap. The peculiarity of this wiring method is advisable to use precisely for a hot water supply system - it is important to avoid sudden temperature jumps in it.
In order not to unnecessarily complicate the plumbing in the house, it is more rational to use the combined option. The cold water supply system is carried out using a deaf wiring, the hot one - using a circulating one.
DIY installation
The water supply from the well is divided into two types: summer and winter:
- Summer view of the system is laid above the ground - rubber hoses are connected with adapters and thus the required length is ensured.
- The winter view of the water supply works in any season and it is laid either below the freezing of the soil, or above, but with insulation.
Before you carry out water from the well, you need to make a caisson for it. You can go down into it and, it will protect the well from the ingress of dirty water.
The caisson is made of concrete rings or other materials... If its bottom and the pipeline turn out to be higher than the freezing of the soil, it makes no sense to use the caisson in case of a pipe break.
Connecting to the central highway requires significant investment in the first stages, meanwhile, partially eliminating the need for earthworks and the installation of a septic tank. You can find out information about the nearest highways in ZhKO.
To increase the water pressure in the pipeline, it is necessary to cut the pump into the general water supply pipe or install a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator.
Usually in apartments, it is common to mount piping to the wall.... The sewer pipes are supported by clamps attached to the wall. The distance that is measured horizontally from the clamp to the clamp must be set less than 10 pipe diameters.
You can use either metal clamps with a rubber seal (rigid fastening) or without a seal so that the pipes can move freely (rigid-floating fastening).
Internal routing is a more advanced routing methodas it reduces noise and looks better. It is possible to lay pipes in concrete or gates, observing the slopes and sealing the gaps.
Welding of polypropylene pipes is carried out in two ways: socket and butt. It should be carried out at a positive ambient temperature. It is important to remember that pipes and fittings are of the same composition and are clean.... Also, do not cool the pipes after connecting with water.
During socket cooking, both parts are heated by a special heating device, then collected and cooled.
We connect the pumping station to the internal water supply
When using a well, water is supplied to the house by an automatic system, which consists of several important elements:
- pump;
- water storage - hydroaccumulator;
- regulating automation.
If all the elements are assembled into a single mechanism, we have a pumping station in front of us. It has fittings:
- to obtain water from a well or well;
- for supplying water to the internal network.
When the station is turned on, the pump pumps water into the accumulator. When a certain pressure is reached, the automation switches off the pump.
When the water is consumed, the pressure gradually drops to a certain value, after which the automation starts the pump again.
Advice: “When connecting the station, do not forget to put shut-off valves at the inlet and outlet to consumers. This will help to cut off the apparatus for repair work. "
Prices for materials and equipment
- A submersible pump with a capacity of 1.7 liters per hour costs 6,700 rubles;
- You can buy a 50-liter hydroaccumulator for 4,600 rubles;
- Polypropylene pipe 4 m long from 1500 rubles;
- An electric water heater is sold at a minimum price of about 1,000 rubles.
How to connect the boiler to the water supply, the recommendations of the masters and step-by-step instructions here. Plastic caissons for wells pros and cons of polymeric materials.
When arranging a water supply system, you cannot do without a drainage filter, read how to choose such a device here.
Installation of water supply system nodes
A typical plumbing system with a well or well can be used for sequential piping.
It consists of the following nodes:
- Pump equipment. For a deep well over 8 meters or a well, only a submersible pump is suitable. For shallow sources, pumping stations in assemblies or surface pumps can be used.
- Reducing nipple. It is necessary for connection with the following system elements, which in most cases have a diameter different from the outlet from the pump.
- Check valve... Prevents the outflow of water from the system when the pump is idle or a drop in water pressure.
- Trumpet. Pipes made of polypropylene, steel, metal-plastic or other materials are used. The choice depends on the wiring (external or internal, hidden or open), the price of the material itself, and the ease of installation. The pipeline supplying water to the house is supplied with a heat-insulating layer.
- Water-folding fittings. It is used to connect pipes, shut off the water supply, install the pipeline at an angle, etc. This includes: fittings, taps, water sockets, tees, etc.
- Filter group. Designed to protect equipment from the ingress of solid and abrasive particles, reduce the iron content in water and soften it.
- Accumulator tank. It is required to create and maintain a stable water pressure, to prevent frequent pump operation.
- Security group. It is necessary to control the pressure in the system - pressure switch, pressure gauge and dry running switch. Automatic control devices help maintain a stable head in the system and extend the life of the equipment.
All elements of the system are connected in a certain sequence. The order can be considered in more detail in the diagram. Further, the installation of the system is described using the example of collector wiring, as more complex.
A collector unit in a private house is installed in special rooms - boilers or boiler rooms - in specially designated rooms of a residential building, in basements and semi-basements.
In storey buildings, collectors are installed on each floor.In smaller homes, the system can be placed behind a toilet cistern or hidden in a special closet. To save pipes, the collector is placed closer to a larger number of plumbing fixtures, at approximately the same distance from them.
The installation of the collector unit, if you follow the direction of the water, is carried out in the following order:
- At the section where the collector is connected to the main water supply pipe, a shut-off valve is installed to turn off the entire system, if necessary.
- Next, a sediment filter is mounted, which retains large mechanical suspensions that can lead to equipment breakdown.
- Then another filter is installed, which will remove smaller inclusions from the water (depending on the model, particles from 10 to 150 microns).
- The next one in the installation diagram is a non-return valve. It shuts off the return flow of water when pressure drops.
After installing the above equipment, a collector is connected to the water supply pipe with such a number of terminals that corresponds to the number of water consumption points in the house. If not all plumbing fixtures are connected in the house yet, then plugs are placed on the unclaimed outputs of the manifold assembly.
How it works and tips
In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to properly conduct a water supply system in a private house with your own hands. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and regulations, and some of the nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.
- Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, the creation of such a scheme is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective glass.
- Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get the maximum free space and for this to "press" the pipeline against the wall, there should be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy repair work. The tracing of the inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm and the outer corner 15 mm.
- If there are drain taps on the pipelines or the accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
- The most convenient way to fix the pipeline to the walls is with special clips. You can choose single or double fixtures, the distance between them in any case should be about 2 meters.
When deciding how to make water distribution in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal water supply system has characteristic differences:
- Minimum of joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and economy of the system.
- All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipes.
- The presence of valves or shutoff valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
- The minimum number of not too reliable flexible connection sections (hose lines), which are most vulnerable to pressure drops.
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Water distribution in a private house
Regardless of where your water was supplied from, whether from a well or a well, or from a central water supply, there must be an emergency shut-off valve at the input. After it, a water meter is installed, if you are connected to a centralized water supply.
Then the input from the well or well is connected if you have a combined water connection. This is followed by the outlet of cold water for irrigation or for household needs. Next, the filter unit is mounted. What and how many of them will be determined depending on water quality.
After the filter unit, a hydraulic accumulator and automatic well pump activation are mounted. Here is such a primary circuit, mounted immediately after entering the water.Now it's time to choose one scheme from several options for laying a water supply system in a private house.
A private house, in contrast to an apartment, has a wider range of possibilities with regard to the water supply inside it. Here you can use the serial connection of water consumers. It is also called a tee. Or you can use a collector circuit for connecting consumers. Let's take a look at these two schemes.
Serial connection
This scheme includes a series connection of consumers. Washstand, shower, toilet, as well as everything in the kitchen is connected in series, one after the other. The advantage is that a small amount of pipe is needed. But there is also disadvantage of this system.
In the case of simultaneous use of consumers, the pressure drops at distant points of consumption. This is especially felt when the shower is in operation: it is very difficult to regulate the temperature of the water. This is where the inconveniences of this scheme are manifested. Such a system is more suitable for a family with a small number of people.
Collector connection
This scheme for connecting consumers requires a larger number of pipes, which means that it increases the cost of the water supply project. The essence of this system is that after the primary circuit, collectors for cold and hot water are mounted at the input, and from them pipes are already laid to each individual consumer.
Such a system allows the simultaneous use of water in different places of consumption: in the kitchen, in the shower, and so on. From this it follows that such a scheme is better for comfortable use and suitable for any family.
Sometimes, in order to reduce the cost of the project, but at the same time, to get maximum comfort, these two systems are combined. This works well too.
